It reflects the traditional conceptualization of intelligence and relates more to academic achievement. They are good at problem-solving and abstract reasoning. Analytical intelligence or academic problem-solving skills consists of three components such as metacomponents, performance components, and knowledge acquisition components. Meta components are the executive part that controls the other two components. They control and monitor cognitive processing.
They tell the performance components of what to do. Performance components help in performing a task or solving a problem. Thus it uses attention, coding, memory, etc. Knowledge acquisition components help in acquiring knowledge and use different strategies for it. Experiential or creative intelligence: It refers to new ways of problem-solving by engaging in divergent thinking. It uses prior knowledge and experience to come up with new ideas and solve problems. It includes two components: Automation and novelty.
Automation means some aspects of information processing are automated, they do not require much attention, effort, or energy. They can run parallel to other processes. Contextual or practical intelligence: It refers to the ability to use the information to function effectively in life. It is the ability to understand and deal with everyday situations and events successfully.
It is the ability to adapt, adjust, and change depending on the contextual requirements. Thus they can handle real-life problems. Get Started for Free Download App. It is universal inborn ability It is learnt and hence acquired in the environment It is general metal ability None of the above.
There are many theories related to intelligence. These theories are propounded by eminent psychologists to provide a framework to understand different aspects of human intelligence. Key Points The two-factor theory of intelligence: Charles Spearman proposed this theory in the year S-factor is applicable in specific fields and changeable in nature while G-factor is a universal innate ability to perform all cognitive tasks effectively.
Answer Detailed Solution Below Option 2 : a , c and e. Intelligence can be nurtured and grown through the interaction between society and the individual. Therefore option 2 is correct i. Answer Detailed Solution Below Option 1 : a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i. The Structure Of Intellect theory of human intelligence consists of three core components: operations, contents, and products , which are known as dimensions.
Hence, Abilities can be explained through basic mental processes, specific contents, and products. In Guilford's Structure of Intellect SI theory, intelligence is viewed as comprising operations, contents, and products. Since each of these dimensions is independent, there are theoretically different components of intelligence. The abilities can be nurtured and developed. Hence the emphasis is given to a ssociative thinking and self-motivation Goleman argues that these four capabilities form the basis of 12 subscales of EI.
He suggests that these subscales are: emotional self-awareness Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth. Thurstone's Multiple Factor theory Thurstone proposed a theory in the s that intelligence is composed of several different factors.
The seven primary mental abilities in Thurstone's model were verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, associative memory, perceptual speed, and reasoning.
According to the theory- intelligence is said to be constituted of a multitude of separate factors or elements each being a minute element or ability. A mental act involves a number of these minute elements operating together. Thurstone b Structure of Intellect model ii J.
Burt Spearman Thurstone Guilford. Charles Spearman Proposed that intellectual abilities were comprised of two factors: one general ability or common ability known as 'G' factor and the other a group of specific abilities known as 'S' factor.
Burt Burt made use of Charles Spearman's model of general intelligence to analyze his data on the performance of schoolchildren in a battery of tests. Common factor. He believed in a hierarchy of the mental organization with many levels: Guilford He proposed that three dimensions were necessary for accurate description: operations, content, and products. The Structure of Intellect was first introduced by Joy Paul Guilford An individual's performance on intelligence tests can be traced back to the underlying mental abilities or factors of intelligence.
Thurstone Louis Thurston came out with the group factor theory saying that Intelligence is a cluster of abilities These mental operations then constitute a group Louis Leon Thurstone proposed the theory that intelligence is composed of several different factors. The seven primary mental abilities in Thurstone's model were verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, associative memory, perceptua l speed, and reasoning.
Therefore, Burt developed the concept of group factors in intelligence. Answer Detailed Solution Below Option 1 : a - iii , b - iv , c - ii , d - i. At the next level, he places two broad group factors, corresponding to verbal-educational and practical-mechanical aptitudes.
Vernon puts emphasis on t he g factor in all the mental abilities. Burt's Group factor theory Burt made use of Charles Spearman's model of general intelligence to analyze his data on the performance of schoolchildren in a battery of tests.
He suggests that these subscales are: emotional self-awareness Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth Set - I Theories of intelligence Set — II Proponents of the theories of intelligence a Group factor theory i Burt b Hierarchical structure theory ii Vernon c Structure of intellect model iii Guilford d Emotional intelligence theory iv Daniel Goleman e T wo - factor theory v Spearman Download Solution PDF Share on Whatsapp.
Understanding the feelings of others Managing the role responsibilities Looking for problems which go beyond the present situation Ability to adjust in a novel situation. Answer Detailed Solution Below Option 3 : Looking for problems which go beyond the present situation. Spiritual intelligence It is a higher dimension of intelligence that activates the qualities and capabilities of the authentic self or the soul , in the form of wisdom, compassion, integrity, joy, love, creativity, and peace.
Spiritual intelligence results in a sense of deeper meaning and purpose, combined with improvements in a wide range of important life skills and work skills. As an analysis of spiritual intelligence, the above equation means that SQ equals IQ and EQ magnified by the power of presence.
Thus spiritual intelligence results when intellectual and emotional intelligence are exercised in the state of presence. Operations Process Product Content. Visual - Information arising from stimulation on the retina in the form of an image. Auditory — Information arising from stimulation of the cochlea of the ear as an image. Symbolic - Information perceived as symbols or signs that have no meaning by themselves; for example, Arabic numerals or the letters of an alphabet.
The Operations Dimension - This consists of five kinds of operation or general intellectual processes: Cognition - The ability to understand, comprehend, discover, and become aware. Memory - The ability to memorize information. Divergent Production - The process of generating multiple solutions to a problem. Convergent Production - The process of deducing a single solution to a problem.
Evaluation - The process of judging whether an answer is accurate, consistent, or valid. There are six kinds of products, they are: Unit - Represents a single item of information. Class - A set of items that share some attributes. Relation - Represents a connection between items or variables; may be linked as opposites or in associations, sequences, or analogies.
System - An organization of items or networks with interacting parts. Transformation - Changes perspectives, conversions, or mutations to knowledge; such as reversing the order of letters in a word. Implication - Predictions, inferences, consequences, or anticipations of knowledge.
Thurstone pointed out that intelligence consists of a number of primary mental abilities i. Using improved statistical techniques he developed a new factor model of intelligence.
He analyzed the inter-correlation of the scores of 57 tests on a large group subject and identified seven factors. These factors were called primary mental abilities or PMA. Each theory description covers origins, propositions, methodological implications, usage, links to related conceptual frameworks, and listings of authoritative primary and secondary references.
The introductory chapters explain key concepts, theory—method connections, and the process of theory development. Print Edition Ebook Edition. Edited by Karen E. Samples: Table of Contents About the Editor.
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